2024-03-29T09:18:45Z
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/oai
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/89
2014-09-21T16:51:30Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"140604 2014 eng "
dc
Radiation dose reduction without degrading image quality during computed tomography examinations: Dosimetry and quality control study
Acquah, George Felix; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sweden Ghana Medical Centre, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
Schiestl, Bernhard; Department of Therapeutic Radio Oncology, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Cofie, Afua Yeboah; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sweden Ghana Medical Centre, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
Obeng Nkansah, Jeanette; Department of Radiation Oncology, Sweden Ghana Medical Centre, Cantonments, Accra, Ghana
Gustavsson, Magnus; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Medical Physics, Gothenburg, Sweden
Computerized Tomography; Radiation Dose Reduction; Image Quality; CTDI; DLP
<p><strong>Purpose:<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:58"> </ins></strong>Computed tomography (CT), is an X-ray procedure that generates high quality cross-sectional images of the body, and by comparison to other radiological diagnosis, is responsible for higher doses to patients. This work studies the doses and image qualities produced from the default primary scanning factors of a Siemens CT machine and afterwards came up with scanning protocols that allow radiologists to obtain the necessary diagnostic information while reducing radiation doses to as low as reasonably achievable.<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:59"> </ins></p><p><ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:59"></ins><strong>Methods</strong>: Approximately<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:59"> </ins>1000 CT scans from mostly common examinations; head, thorax, abdomen and pelvis routines were selected and analyzed<ins cite="mailto:IJCTO" datetime="2014-05-28T13:21"></ins> for their image quality and radiation doses over a two year interval. Dose measurements were performed for the same routines using Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) phantoms, RTI barracuda system with electrometer, and CT dose Profiler detector to evaluate the doses delivered during these CT procedures. Subsequently, image quality checks were performed using the CT Catphan 600 and anthropomorphic phantoms. CTDI and Dose Length Product (DLP) values were calculated for each scan.<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:59"> </ins>From analyzing these measurements, the appropriate machine scanning parameters were adjusted to reduce radiation does while at the same time providing good image quality.</p><p><strong>Results:<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:58"> </ins></strong>Doses to patients using the default head sequence protocol had an average CTDI<sub>vol</sub> value of 65.45 mGy and a range of 7.10-16.80 mGy for thorax, abdomen and pelvis examinations whiles the new protocol had an average CTDI<sub>vol</sub> of 58.32 mGy for the head and a range of 3.83-15.24 mGy for the truck region. The DLP value for default head scans decreased from an average of 2279.85 mGy.cm to 874.53 mGy.cm with the new protocol. Tube potentials (KV) and tube current-time (mAs) had an effect on spatial resolution and low contrast detectability as well as doses.<ins cite="mailto:gacquah" datetime="2014-05-27T09:59"> </ins><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: From the new protocols, lower values of KV and mAs together with other factors were enough to produce acceptable level of image quality which leads to adequate diagnosis without unnecessary doses to patients.</p><p>......................................................</p><p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong><br />Acquah GF, Schiestl B,Cofie AY, Nkansah JO. Radiation dose reduction without degrading image quality during computed tomography examinations: Dosimetry and quality control study. <em>Int J Cancer Ther Oncol</em> 2014; <strong>2</strong>(3):02039. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0203.9" target="_blank"><strong>DOI: 10.14319/ijcto.0203.9</strong></a></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2014-08-16 00:00:00
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text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/0203.9
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 2, No 3 (2014): July - September
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/89/830
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/533
2016-09-18T09:01:49Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"160918 2016 eng "
dc
Autologous fat transfer as prostate-rectal spacer: Technique description and early results
Borghi, Marcelo; Department of Urology, Centro de Urología – CDU, Buenos Aires
Montes de Oca, Luis; Department of Urology, Centro de Urología – CDU, Buenos Aires
Becher, Edgardo; Department of Urology, Centro de Urología – CDU, Buenos Aires
Bou, Marcelo; Department of Urology, Centro de Urología – CDU, Buenos Aires
Aviles, Lijia Elizabeth; Department of Radiation Oncology, Vidt Centro Médico-21st Century Oncology, Buenos Aires
Filomia, Maria Luisa; Department of Radiation Oncology, Vidt Centro Médico-21st Century Oncology, Buenos Aires
Chiozza, Jorge; Department of Radiation Oncology, Vidt Centro Médico-21st Century Oncology, Buenos Aires
Radiation Oncology, Prostate Brachytherapy
Autologous fat transfer, Brachytherapy, Recto-prostatic pacer
Prostate Brachytherapy
<p>Purpose: Several attempts have been made to increase the distance between the prostate and the rectum through injection of different synthetic compounds, generating space between organs. To report an original technique to increase the distance between the rectum and the prostate, by autologous fat implantation into the rectoprostatic space, with the aim of providing physical dosimetry protection and rectal dose sparing.</p><p>Methods: We prospectively evaluated twelve patients subjected to autologous fat implantation as recto-prostatic spacer subsequently receiving prostate either radical (n = 6), or salvage brachytherapy for local recurrence after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (n = 6). Standard permanent prostate brachytherapy seed implantation was performed through transperineal approach and under transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and template guidance. Prescribed D90 dose for Iodine - 125 monotherapy was 140 - 160 Gy, reduced by 30% for rescue cases to obtain a Rectum V100 under 1 cc.</p><p>Results: Lipo-transfer was completed in all 12 patients. Control CT scan at 1 month showed average distances of: 10.7 mm (range) (2.8 - 15.9 mm), 7.6 (1.8 - 11.6 mm) and 6.8 (4.2 - 8.3) mm at prostate base, middle and apex, respectively. Shortest separation distance observed was at apex and midline, while largest was observed the sides and at seminal vesicles level. Control CT at 3 months showed average distances of 9.6 mm (1.9 - 14.6 mm), 6.3 mm (1.8 - 10.2 mm) and 5.4 mm (3.8 - 7.2 mm) at prostate base, middle and apex, respectively. Most complications were minor.</p><p>Conclusion: Autologous fat transfer is a feasible and simple procedure for experienced practitioners with low complication rates, which allows dose escalation to the prostate. </p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2016-07-13 00:00:00
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http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.43.16
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 4, No 3 (2016): July - September
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/533/0
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/533/0
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/533/4674
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/41
2014-03-18T18:37:15Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"131122 2013 eng "
dc
Impact of heterogeneities on lateral penumbra in uniform scanning proton therapy
Rana, Suresh; Department of Medical Physics, ProCure Proton Therapy Center, Oklahoma City
Singh, Hardev; Department of Medical Physics, ProCure Proton Therapy Center, Oklahoma City
Proton Therapy; Medical Physics
Lateral penumbra; Uniform scanning proton therapy; Inhomogeneity; SOBP
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: In the treatment planning of uniform scanning proton therapy, an aperture block is designed for each beam with a margin, which typically includes the lateral penumbra measured in water (homogenous) medium. However, during real proton therapy treatment, protons may pass through tissues of different densities within the patient's body before they are stopped. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dependency of lateral penumbra on low- and high-density heterogeneities placed in the plateau and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) regions.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The measurements were performed by placing radiographic films at the isocenter (center of SOBP), and each proton beam was delivered with 150 monitor units using standard beam conditions of the institution. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results and Conclusion:</strong> The preliminary results from this study showed that the lateral penumbra of uniform scanning proton beams was less sensitive to the inhomogeneities introduced in the protons beam path. The low-density heterogeneity in the plateau region had more impact on the lateral penumbra when compared to the low-density in the SOBP region. In contrast, the placement of high-density heterogeneity (whether in the plateau or SOBP region) produced a very minimal difference. The overall difference in lateral penumbra among different phantoms was within ±1 mm.</p><p>----------------------</p><p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong><br />Rana S, Singh H. Impact of heterogeneities on lateral penumbra in uniform scanning proton therapy.<em> Int J Cancer Ther Oncol</em> 2013; <strong>1</strong>(2):01026.</p><p><strong>DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0102.6" target="_self">http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0102.6</a><br /><br /></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2013-12-04 00:00:00
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text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Rana
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 1, No 2 (2013): November - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/303
2016-01-03T12:17:49Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150913 2015 eng "
dc
Estimated radiation exposure from medical imaging for patients of radiology service of Al Faraby Hospital, Oujda Morocco
Semghouli, Slimane; Department of Health Techniques, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Agadir
Amaoui, Bouchra; Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Center of Oncology Agadir
Maamri, Abdellatif; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Oujda
Physique médicale, Dosimétrie médicale
Radiological Exam; Dosimetry; Effective Dose; Additional Cancer Risk Factor
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effective dose received per radiological examination per patient and the additional cancer risk factor in the Radiological Service of Al Faraby Hospital in 2012. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> From the number of radiological procedures (N<sub>X</sub>) made in 2012 in the radiology service of Al Faraby Hospital and the average effective dose D<sub>E</sub><sup>X</sup> associated with each type of act exam X, it is possible to calculate the effective dose collective [S =∑ D<sub>E</sub><sup>X</sup> * N<sub>X</sub>]. The additional cancer risk factor is calculated by the X-ray risk software promoting responsible imaging through patient and provider education. It is function of the effective dose received, the age at the time of exam, and gender of patient. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: The radiological average effective dose received per act exam is 1 millisievert (mSv), whereas it is 4.45 mSv and 0.21 mSv for the computed tomography (CT) scan and conventional radiological examinations, respectively. As for the average number of acts per patient 2.66, the effective dose is 1.16 mSv and 3.8 mSv for CT scan and conventional radiological examinations, respectively. As for the average effective dose per patient 2.69 mSv, it is 5.16 mSv and 0.81 mSv for CT scan and conventional radiological examinations, respectively. As for the additional cancer risk in 40 years at the time of exam, the average additional cancer risk is equal to 2.17 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, wheras the risk is 4.17 × 10<sup>-4 </sup>and 6.54 × 10<sup>-5 </sup>for CT scan and conventional radiological examinations, respectively. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Medical exposure related to the diagnosis of patients in the radiology service in 2012 can be characterized by: (a) 2.66 Act exams on average per patient diagnosis corresponding to a mean effective dose equal to 2.69 mSv per patient, (b)frequency of conventional radiology and CT scan was 81% and 19%, respectively. These act exams contribute to the collective effective dose by 17% and 83%, respectively, and (c) radiological acts can be divided into three levels of exposures: 0 to 5 mSv, 5 to 10 mSv, and > 5 mSv, and the proportion of each level is 90.12%, 9.84%, and 0.05%, respectively.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
Regional Center of Oncology Agadir, Morocco, Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Oujda, Morocco
2015-09-25 00:00:00
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http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.33.25
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 3 (2015): July - September
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/236
2015-08-15T11:54:27Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150523 2015 eng "
dc
Influence of collimator rotation on dose distribution and delivery in intensity modulated radiation therapy for parotid cancer
Sharma, Seema; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Manigandan, Durai; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Goyal, Shikha; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Sahai, Puja; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Subramani, Velliyan; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Chander, Subhash; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Julka, Pramod Kumar; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Rath, Goura Kishor; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Medical Physics
Collimator Rotation; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Parotid Cancer
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the influence of collimator rotation in IMRT planning with respect to the target coverage and dose to critical structures. In addition, the delivery efficiency of desired fluence with collimator rotation is assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>:</strong> The computed tomography (CT) datasets of 5 patients with parotid cancer were employed for this study. Dynamic IMRT plans were generated with a dose prescription of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. IMRT plans were generated with five unilateral fields using 6MV X-rays. Four different plans were generated for each patient by keeping the collimator angle at 0, 30, 60, and 90 degree. All plans were analyzed using dose volume histogram. Conformity index (CI) and heterogeneity index (HI) were calculated. The total monitor units (MU) required to deliver one fraction were noted and compared. To verify the delivery efficiency; the measured fluence on IBA I’mRT MatriXX ionization chamber array detector was compared with the TPS dose plan with 2D gamma evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> There is not much difference in the PTV Dmax and Dmean with respect to the different collimator angles. The PTV coverage is best at collimator angle of 0 degree. A slight reduction in CI was observed with plans at other collimator angles as compared to 0 degree. The HI values were almost similar for plans with collimator angle 0, 30, and 60 degree. The plan with 90 degree collimator showed a slightly higher heterogeneity for the PTV. A slight reduction in the average Dmax to spinal cord was observed for the plan with collimator angle 30 degree as compared to other angles whereas maximum value of Dmax to spinal cord was at collimator angle 60 degree. No clinically relevant difference was observed among the plans with respect to brainstem and mandible Dmax. An increase in average of oral cavity Dmax and Dmean was observed for collimator angle 60 and 90 degree as compared to collimator angle 0 and 30 degree. Not much difference was observed with respect to Dmax and Dmean for contralateral parotid and cochlea with plans at different collimator angles. A decrease in MU required to deliver a fraction was observed for the plan with collimator angle 30 degree as compared to other angles. The plan with 90 degree collimator required maximum MU. The 2D γ index evaluation of planned and delivered fluence showed almost similar results for plans with different collimator angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> An individual case-specific collimator rotation may aid in achieving the desired dose distribution and relative sparing of critical structures in IMRT. </p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-01-22 00:00:00
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http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.32.12
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April - June
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/236/3093
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/205
2015-03-29T11:59:33Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150117 2015 eng "
dc
Impact of head immobilization position on dose distribution in patients of brainstem glioma
Sharma, Seema; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Chaudhari, Pritee; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Biswas, Ahitagni; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Manigandan, Durai; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Shukla, Peeyush; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Subramani, Vellaiyan; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Chander, Subhash; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Julka, Pramod; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Rath, Goura; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Brainstem Glioma; Immobilization Position; Dose distribution; Calculation Algorithm
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of patient position (supine and prone) on conventional bilateral field, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans in patients of brainstem glioma with a view to exploring the possibility of avoiding beam entry through immobilization accessories. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Five patients of brainstem glioma were immobilized and scanned in supine and prone positions with a combination of head rest and thermoplastic cast. Each patient was planned with three techniques: (i) 2-fields bilateral (ii) 3-fields 3DCRT, and (iii) 5-fields IMRT. Plan quality was analyzed in terms of planning target volume (PTV) coverage and dose to various critical organs at risk (OAR) for both the supine and prone treatment positions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In case of bilateral fields (parallel opposed) planning, the PTV coverage and dose to the OAR were almost similar for both the supine and prone positions. In 3DCRT plan, although the PTV coverage and dose to critical structures were comparable for both the supine and prone position, dose to cochlea was lower for the prone position plan. A modest decrease in maximum dose to optic nerves and mean dose to temporal lobes were also observed for the prone position plan. In IMRT plans, the PTV coverage and homogeneity were comparable in both the supine and prone positions. Reduction in average maximum and mean doses to all OARs with functional subunit (FSU) in series and parallel respectively was observed in the IMRT plan for prone position when compared to the supine position.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Supine and prone positions resulted in almost similar dose distribution in all the three techniques applied. At some instances, the prone position showed better normal tissues sparing when compared to supine. Moreover, prone position is more likely to avoid attenuation due to immobilization devices and uncertainty in dose calculation under large inhomogeneities.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-03-29 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/0301.16
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 1 (2015): January - March
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/604
2017-12-17T14:56:16Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"170828 2017 eng "
dc
The advantages of collimator optimization for intensity modulated radiation therapy
Doozan, Brian E; Florida Atlantic University
South Florida Radiation Oncology/21st Century Oncology
Mohamed, Farrah
Nourishirazi, Erika
Pella, Silvia
Leventouri, Theodora
Radiation Oncology; Medical Physics; Medical Dosimetry
Dosimetry, Collimator optimization, Radiation planning, IMRT, Monitor units, Split fields
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The goal of this study was to improve dosimetry for pelvic, head and neck and other cancers with aspherical planning target volumes (PTV) using collimator optimization for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A retroactive study on the effects of collimator optimization of 20 patients was done by comparing collimator angles from optimized plans in <em>Eclipse </em>version 11.0. Keeping all other parameters equal, plans were created with four collimator techniques: CA<sub>0</sub>, all fields have collimators set to 0°, CA<sub>E</sub>, using the Eclipse collimator optimization, CA<sub>A,</sub> minimizing the area of the jaws around the PTV, and CA<sub>X</sub>, minimizing the x-jaw gap. The minimum area and the minimum x-jaw angles were found by evaluating each field beam’s eye view of the PTV with <em>ImageJ</em> and finding the desired parameters with a custom script. The evaluation of the plans included the monitor units (MU), the maximum dose of the plan, the maximum dose to organs at risk (OAR), the conformity index (CI) and the number of split fields. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Compared to the CA<sub>0</sub> plans, the monitor units decreased on average by 6% for the CA<sub>X</sub> with a p-value of 0.01 from an ANOVA test. The average maximum dose stayed within 1.1% between all four methods with the lowest being CA<sub>X</sub>. The maximum dose to the most at risk organ was best spared by the CA<sub>A</sub>, which decreased by 0.62% from the CA<sub>0</sub>. Minimizing the x-jaws significantly reduced the number of split field from 61 to 37.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In every field tested the CA<sub>X</sub> optimization produced as good or superior results than the other three techniques. For aspherical PTVs, CA<sub>X</sub> on average reduced the number of split fields, the maximum dose, minimized the dose to the surrounding OAR, and reduced the MU all while achieving the same control of the PTV.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2017-02-12 00:00:00
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http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto51.7
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 5, No 1 (2017): January - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/18
2014-03-18T19:11:12Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"131122 2013 eng "
dc
Evaluation of planned dosimetry when beam energies are substituted for a fraction of the treatment course
Hawke, Samantha E; Genesiscare, Radiation Oncology Victoria, Murray Valley Private Hospital, Victoria
Torrance, Angela; Genesiscare, Radiation Oncology Victoria, Murray Valley Private Hospital, Victoria
Tremethick, Lindsay; Genesiscare, Radiation Oncology Victoria, Murray Valley Private Hospital, Victoria
Medical Physics
radiotherapy; fraction; treatment planning system; beam energy; substitution
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this technical study was to evaluate how the effect of changing beam energies for one to multiple fractions of a patient’s plan affected the overall dose delivered to the planning target volume (PTV) and surrounding organs at risk (OAR’s). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method:</strong> In this study, twenty-eight patient plans from treatment sites including the oesophagus, prostate, lung, spine, rectum, bladder, chest, scapula, and breast were evaluated in the Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS), of these 14 were originally planned with 15MV and 14 with 10MV. Each of these plans were substituted with a single to multiple fractions with 10MV and 15MV respectively while keeping the original monitor units the same.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> It was determined that when the number of fractions of the substituted beam energy remained at one fifth or less of the overall fractions a change of dose of less than 2% to the PTV could be maintained. The OAR’s dose, when the plan had 20% of its fractions substituted with a different energy, were found to change by on average up to 3.5% and 2.3% for original plan energies of 15MV and 10MV respectively. The dose change calculated in the TPS was then verified using ion chamber measurements for bladder and oesophagus treatment plans. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results appear to indicate that the site of treatment was not an important factor when changing energy but the overall number of fractions versus the number of fractions substituted with an alternative energy was fundamental. These results may be clinically useful when a radiotherapy department have machines with different photon energies. In the event of a break down, when a patient needs to be urgently treated, it may be possible to treat them on another machine with a different energy, without an immediate recalculation in the TPS. This decision would depend upon the percentage of fractions of their overall treatment needing to be treated before the machine was repaired</p><p>-------------------------------</p><p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong><br />Hawke S, Torrance A, Tremethick L. Evaluation of planned dosimetry when beam energies are substituted for a fraction of the treatment course. <em>Int J Cancer Ther Oncol</em> 2013; <strong>1</strong>(2):01014.</p><p><strong>DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0102.4" target="_self">http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0102.4</a><br /><br /></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2013-12-04 00:00:00
application/pdf
text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Hawke
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 1, No 2 (2013): November - December
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/18/158
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/18/159
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/18/251
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/421
2016-07-16T06:31:48Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"151204 2015 eng "
dc
Commissioning and cross-comparison of four scanning water tanks
Saenz, Daniel; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Roring, Joseph; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Cruz, Wilbert; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Sarkar, Vikren; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Papanikolaou, Niko; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Stathakis, Sotirios; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center – San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Medical Physics; Radiation Oncology
Water Scanning Systems, Beam Commissioning, Radiation Measurements
87.56.Fc
<p>Purpose: Water scanning systems are commonly used for data collection to characterize dosimetric properties of photon and electron beams, and the commissioning of such systems has been previously described. The aim in this study, however, was to investigate tank-specific dependencies as well as conduct a dosimetric comparison between four distinct water scanning systems.</p><p>Methods: Four water scanning systems were studied including the PTW MP3-M Phantom Tank, the Standard Imaging DoseView 3D, the IBA Blue Phantom, and the Sun Nuclear 3D Scanner. Mechanical accuracy and reproducibility was investigated by driving the chamber holder to nominal positions relative to a zero point and using a leveled caliper with 30 cm range to measure the actual position. Dosimetric measurements were also performed not only to compare percent-depth-dose (PDD) curves and profiles between tanks but also to assess dependencies such as directionality, scanning speed, and reproducibility for each tank individually. A PTW Semiflex 31010 ionization chamber with a sensitive volume of 0.125 cc was used at a Varian Clinac 2300 linear accelerator.</p><p>Results: Mechanical precision was ensured to within 0.1 mm with the standard deviation (SD) of reproducibility <0.1 mm for measurements made with calipers. Dependencies on scanning direction and speed are presented. 6 MV PDDs between tanks agreed to within 0.6% relative to an averaged PDD beyond d<sub>max</sub> and within 2.5% in the build-up region. Specifically, the maximum difference was 1.0% between MP3-M and Blue Phantom at 6.1 cm depth. Lateral profiles agreed between tanks within 0.5% in the central 80% of the field. 6 MeV PDD maximum difference was 1.3% occurring at the steepest portion, where the R<sub>50</sub> was nevertheless within 0.6 mm across tanks. Setup uncertainties estimated at ≤1 mm are presumed to have contributed some of the difference between water tank data.</p><p>Conclusion: Modern water scanning systems have achieved high accuracy across vendors, but commissioning tests nevertheless reveal tank-specific dependencies. This study not only ensures confidence in the individual systems but also provides the medical physicist with an understanding of variation in water tank properties between vendors.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2016-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.41.5
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 4, No 1 (2016): January - March
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3922
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3923
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3924
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3925
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3927
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3928
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/421/3929
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/292
2016-01-03T12:17:49Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150525 2015 eng "
dc
Optimal usage of cone beam computed tomography system with different field of views in image guided radiotherapy (IGRT)
Sresty, Narayana Venkata Naga Madhusudhana; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Hyderabad
Ramanjappa, Thogata; Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andra Pradesh
Raju, Alluri Krishnam; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Hyderabad
Mallikarjuna, Adavala; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Hyderabad
Talluri, Anil; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Hyderabad
Soubhagya, Bhudevi; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Hyderabad
Radiation Oncology; Medical Physics
XVI; Field of View; kV Collimator
Medical Physics
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To find methods for optimal usage of XVI (X-ray volume imaging) system in Elekta synergy linear accelerator with different field of views for same lesion in order to minimize patient dose due to imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 scans of 2 individual patients with ca sigmoid colon and ca lung were used in this study. Kilo voltage collimators with medium field of view were used as per the preset information. Images were reconstructed for another collimator with small field of view. The set up errors were evaluated with XVI software. Shift results of both methods were compared. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Variation in treatment set up errors with M20 and S20 collimators were ≤ 0.2 mm in translational and 0.3<sup>0</sup> in rotational shifts. Results showed almost equal translational and rotational shifts in both medium and small field of views with different collimators in all the scans. Visualization of target and surrounding structures were good enough and sufficient for XVI auto matching.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Imaging with small field of view results less patient dose compared with medium or large field of views. It is Suggestible to use collimators with small field of view wherever possible. In this study, collimators with small field of view were sufficient for both patients though the preset information indicated medium field of view. But, it always depends on the area required for matching purpose. So, individual selection is important than preset information in the XVI system.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
NIL
2015-09-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.33.4
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 3 (2015): July - September
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2975
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2976
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2977
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2978
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2979
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2980
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2981
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2982
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2983
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/2984
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/3185
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/3186
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/3187
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/292/3188
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/226
2015-03-29T11:59:33Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150120 2015 eng "
dc
Treatment planning validation for symmetric and asymmetric motorized wedged fields
Dawod, Tamer; Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura
Radiation oncology; Medical Physics
Radiotherapy; Motorized Wedge; Linear Accelerator
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Wedged beam are often used in clinical radiotherapy to compensate missing tissues and dose gradients. The Elekta Precise linear accelerator supports an internal motorized wedge, which is a single large, physical wedge on a motorized carriage. In this study, the dosimetric performance of Elekta precise three dimensional treatment planning system (3DTPS) is evaluated by comparing the calculated and measured doses.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The calculations were performed by the 3DTPS for symmetric as well as asymmetric fields in a source to skin distance (SSD) setup at the depth of maximum dose (d<sub>max</sub>) as well as at 5, 10, and 20 cm depths in water phantom using 60° motorized wedges for field sizes of 4 × 4, 10 × 10, and 20 × 20 cm<sup>2</sup> for 6 and 15 MV photon beams. Measurements were produced by Elekta Precise linear accelerator using 0.125 cc volume ionization chamber. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Good agreement between the measured and calculated isodose lines were found, with the maximum difference not exceed 5%. The difference between the calculated and measured data increases as the field size decreases, and the deviation in symmetric setting was less than that of asymmetric setting. The increase in wedge angle led to increase in the difference between calculated and measured data. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results from this study showed that the accuracy of Elekta Precise 3DTPS used with the motorized wedges for symmetric and asymmetric fields is adequate for the clinical applications under the studied experimental conditions. </p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-03-29 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/0301.18
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 1 (2015): January - March
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/226/2453
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/664
2017-12-17T14:56:16Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"170810 2017 eng "
dc
Stability assessment of radiation isocenter with the gimbaled linac system
Miura, Hideharu; Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
Ozawa, Shuichi; Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
Tsuda, Shintaro; Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
Yamada, Kiyoshi; Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
Nagata, Yasushi; Hiroshima High-Precision Radiotherapy Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
Medical Physics
Isocenter accuracy verification, Quality assurance, Vero4DRT, Electronic portal image device
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We report the results of our year-long radiation isocenter accuracy verification for daily quality assurance (QA) implementation on a Vero4DRT system. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The radiation isocenter was calculated using a cube phantom with a steel ball of diameter 10 mm fixed to the center of the phantom. A single photon beam was set with a field size of 100 × 100 mm<sup>2</sup>. Coincidence of the centroid of the steel ball at kiloVolt X-ray imaging isocenter and megaVolt beam radiation isocenter at each gantry and ring angle was tested. This procedure was performed for gantry angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, and ring angles of 0°, 20°, and 340°. The centroid of the steel ball and the center of the radiation field were calculated to analyze the radiation isocenter error. This analysis was automatically calculated using the Daily Check tool in the Vero4DRT system.<strong> </strong>This QA was implemented between 24 August 2015 and 23 August 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average and standard deviation for pan and tilt directions were 0.12 ± 0.10 mm and -0.20 ± 0.13 mm, respectively. The maximum radiation isocenter accuracy error was 0.50 mm in both directions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The radiation isocenter alignment for the one year duration of the experiment was performed with high accuracy.<strong></strong></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2017-02-12 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto51.13
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 5, No 1 (2017): January - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/81
2014-05-14T17:01:18Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"140411 2014 eng "
dc
Public exposure from I-131 hospitalized isolated patients in NIMRA Jamshoro Pakistan
Memon, Sajjad Ahmed; Nuclear Institute of Medicine And Radiotherapy (NIMRA), Jamshoro Pakistan.
Laghari, Naeem Ahmed; Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA), Jamshoro Pakistan.
Qureshi, Sadaf Tabasum; Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro Pakistan.
Ahmad, Asrar; Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA), Jamshoro Pakistan.
Khan, Amin Ali; Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar Pakistan.
Hussain, Muhammad Mubashar; Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy (NIMRA), Jamshoro Pakistan.
Unsealed Source; Isolation Room; ALARA; Radioiodine; Exposure Rate
<p><strong>Purpose/</strong> <strong>Background: </strong>To treat the cancerous tissues the unsealed radioisotopes are being in clinical practice since 7 decades. From these unsealed sources, I-131 is the choice of treatment for the treating thyroid cancers. Orally administered I-131 patients are to be kept isolated in hospital for some period until captured activity in the body reaches to national and international limits for the avoidance of unacceptably high radiation exposures to patients' family members and the general public to keep ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principal in mind. The main rationale of this study was to calculate the exposure/dose of the general public. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Material and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: This work presents the exposure rate and dose to the general public in the corridor and the non-radioactive patients admitted in adjacent room from I-131 administered isolated patients treated at NIMRA (Nuclear Institute of Medicine and Radiotherapy) Jamshoro Pakistan. In this study exposure from 23 thyroid cancer patients treated with different activities of I-131 (50 to 200 mCi) from January 2011 to December 2012 were included. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average exposure rate in the corridor was about 5.17 µSv/hr (2.14 µSv/hr to 8.15 µSv/hr) and the cumulative dose to nonradioactive patients residing in an adjacent room was 0.647 mSv (0.192 mSv to 1.664 mSv). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study concludes that the exposure rate to the general public especially the admitted non-radioactive patient in the adjacent room is almost within the limits of 1 mSv as specified in national and international standards.</p><p>-----------------------------------------</p><p><strong>Cite this article as</strong>: Memon SA, Laghari NA, Qureshi ST, Ahmad A, Khan AA, Hussain MM. Public exposure from I-131 hospitalized isolated patients in NIMRA Jamshoro Pakistan. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(2):020214. <strong>DOI: </strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0202.14" target="_blank"><strong>10.14319/ijcto.0202.14</strong></a></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
NIL
2014-03-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Memon
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April - June
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/409
2016-07-16T06:32:50Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"151220 2015 eng "
dc
Impact of patient positioning on radiotherapy dose distribution: An assessment in parotid tumor
Sharma, Seema; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Goyal, Shikha; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Muzumdar, Sandeep; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Manigandan, Durai; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Sahai, Puja; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Biswas, Ahitagni; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Subramani, Velliyan; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Chander, Subhash; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Medical Dosimetry
Conformal Radiotherapy, Dose Distribution, Head Position, Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, Parotid Neoplasm
<p>Purpose: We intended to study the impact of patient positioning on the dose distribution within target volume and organs at risk in patients with parotid malignancies treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) with photon wedge pair (WP) or intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).</p><p>Methods: Three patients with a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the right parotid gland were consecutively immobilized using thermoplastic cast in 2 positions: supine with head in neutral position (HN) and with head turned 90° to the left side (HT). Images for treatment planning purpose were acquired in both positions. For both positions, photon WP plans and 5 field IMRT plans were generated, after contouring clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV= CTV + 5 mm margin) and organs at risk (OAR). All plans were evaluated for target coverage and dose to OARs.</p><p>Results: Both CTV and PTV were apparently larger in HN compared with HT (31.76±8.89 cc, 30.31±7.83 cc and 62.49±19.01 cc, 58.89±15.33 cc) respectively. The CI value for PTV was slightly better for HT compared to HN position in both the WP and IMRT plans. The homogeneity was comparable in both the head positions in case of WP plan. The mean HI of PTV was increased in case of IMRT plan at HT versus HN position (1.108 vs. 1.097). A change in head position from HN to HT with wedge pair plan resulted in a reduction of brainstem D<sub>max</sub> and D<sub>mean</sub>. Lesser dose was observed in HN position for contralateral parotid. A difference of 0.9 Gy in the average D<sub>max</sub> to spinal cord was seen. The values of D<sub>mean</sub> to mandible, oral cavity, ipsilateral and contralateral cochlea were higher in the HT position. A change in head position from HN to HT with IMRT plan resulted in a dose reduction in average D<sub>max</sub> to brainstem. The spinal cord D<sub>max</sub> increased at the HT position by 1.2 Gy. The dose to contralateral parotid and cochlea was comparable in both the positions. However, the D<sub>mean</sub> to oral cavity was reduced at HT position. Whereas for IMRT versus wedge pair plan at head neutral position average D<sub>mean</sub> to the contralateral parotid was reduced with the IMRT plan. A considerable reduction in D<sub>max</sub> to spinal cord and D<sub>mean</sub> to ipsilateral cochlea was observed. A slight increase in average D<sub>max</sub> to brainstem and was observed with the IMRT plan. The doses to the remaining OARs were lesser in case of IMRT plan. For IMRT versus wedge pair plan at head tilt position slight increase in average D<sub>max</sub> to brainstem was observed in case of IMRT plan. A considerable reduction in D<sub>max</sub> to spinal cord and D<sub>mean</sub> to ipsilateral cochlea was observed. The doses to the remaining OARs were reduced with IMRT plan.</p><p>Conclusion: Change in head position from neutral to 90° contralateral tilt for wedge pair plan in parotid tumor may considerably reduce dose to the brainstem and spinal cord with a modest increase in dose to mandible, oral cavity, contralateral parotid, and bilateral cochlea. The alteration in head position has minimal impact on IMRT planning.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2016-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.41.6
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 4, No 1 (2016): January - March
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/302
2016-01-03T12:17:49Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150707 2015 eng "
dc
Boron neutron capture therapy design calculation of a 3H(p,n) reaction based BSA for brain cancer setup
Elshahat, Bassem; Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Jubilee Hospital, Vancouver Island Health Authority, Victoria, BC
Naqvi, Akhtar; Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and Center for Applied Physical Sciences, Dhahran
Maalej, Nabil; Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and Center for Applied Physical Sciences, Dhahran
Medical Physics: Particle Therapy, Monte Carlo Simulation, Medical Dosimetry
BNCT; Brain Phantom; 3H(p,n) Reaction; Polyethylene Moderator and Graphite Reflector; Beam Shaping Assembly; Monte Carlo simulations
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising technique for the treatment of malignant disease targeting organs of the human body. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to calculate optimum design parameters of an accelerator based beam shaping assembly (BSA) for BNCT of brain cancer setup.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Epithermal beam of neutrons were obtained through moderation of fast neutrons from <sup>3</sup>H(p,n) reaction in a high density polyethylene moderator and a graphite reflector. The dimensions of the moderator and the reflector were optimized through optimization of epithermal / fast neutron intensity ratio as a function of geometric parameters of the setup. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results of our calculation showed the capability of our setup to treat the tumor within 4 cm of the head surface. The calculated peak therapeutic ratio for the setup was found to be 2.15. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> With further improvement in the polyethylene moderator design and brain phantom irradiation arrangement, the setup capabilities can be improved to reach further deep-seated tumor.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
Physics Department at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
2015-09-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.33.10
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 3 (2015): July - September
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/242
2015-08-15T11:54:27Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150217 2015 eng "
dc
Comparison between measured tissue phantom ratio values and calculated from percent depth doses with and without peak scatter correction factor in a 6 MV beam
Narayanasamy, Ganesh; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio
Cruz, Wilbert; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio
Papanikolaou, Niko; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio
Stathakis, Sotirios; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio
TPR; PDD; PSF; Dosimetry; Radiation Measurements
The purpose of this study is to examine the accuracy of calculated tissue phantom ratio (TPR) data with measured TPR values of a 6MV photon beam. TPR was calculated from the measured percent depth dose (PDD) values using 2 methods – with and without correcting for the differences in peak scatter fraction (PSF). Mean error less than 1% was observed between the measured and calculated TPR values with the PSF correction, for all clinically relevant field sizes and depths. When not accounting for the PSF correction, mean difference between the measured and calculated TPR values was larger than 1% for square field sizes ranging from 3 cm to 10 cm.
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-01-22 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.0302.4
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April - June
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/242/2736
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/242/2922
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/242/2923
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/750
2017-12-17T14:56:16Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"171210 2017 eng "
dc
A preliminary investigation on long-term consistency of MPC as a quick daily QA application
Bhatt, CP; Batra Hospital and Medical Research Center, Delhi
Semwal, Manoj Kumar; Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi
Singh, Sukhvir; Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi
Chufal, Kundan Singh; Batra Hospital and Medical Research Center, Delhi
Sharma, Kiran; Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand
Medical Physics; Medical Dosimetry
Radiotherapy, Machine Performance Check (MPC), TrueBeam 2.0, Linac QA
Medical Physics
<p>Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish Machine performance check (MPC) application as a comprehensive daily QA program in a clinical setting for a True Beam 2.0 system and investigate the first ten months (195 days) daily QA data generated by the MPC.</p><p>Methods: An automated daily quality assurance (QA) application named machine performance check (MPC) was recently launched by Varian Medical Systems with their TrueBeam 2.0 linear accelerator (linac) system. MPC performs all the essential machine tests such as Beam Constancy Check, and Geometry Check with the use of an IsoCal phantom. There is no systematic published study on long-term consistency and validation of MPC in a clinical set-up for its acceptance as an alternative QA application. In the present study, we collected data with the MPC for over ten months (195 days) on a TrueBeam 2.0 system. The data was analysed for reproducibility and also compared with the data collected with other statndard QA devices at the time of commissioning of the TrueBeam system for validation.</p><p>Results: The results showed that the reproducibility of MPC was at least an order of magnitude less than the tolerance values for the respective parameters and also the average measured values for all QA parameters studied. The MPC measured isocenter accuracy, and output values were close to the Winston-Lutz test (within 0.1 mm) and the ion-chamber measurements (within 0.1%), respectively.</p><p>Conclusion: With our long term result, it is evident that the MPC could be an alternative daily QA tool. A comprehensive and long-term validation of the MPC measured values with the other standard QA methods over the ten month period will be needed before accepting MPC as a reliable QA tool.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2017-02-12 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto51.17
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 5, No 1 (2017): January - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/50
2014-05-14T17:01:18Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"140411 2014 eng "
dc
The expression of p53 and hsp70 proteins after treatment with Annona muricata Linn leaf for activating apoptotic and lead to homeostasis program of Raji cells
Astirin, Okid Parama; Department of Biology, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Prayitno, Adi; Department of Pathobiology, Medical Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Artanti, Anif Nur; Department of Pharmacy, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Fitria, Meutia Srikandi; Department of Biology, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Witianingsih, Dyah Ayu; Department of Biology, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Pranatami, Dwimei Ayudewandari; Department of Biology, Mathematic and Natural Science Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Putra, Suhartono Taat; Department of Pathobiology, Medical Faculty, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Molecular Biology
Annona Muricata Linn Leaf; p53; hsp70; Apoptosis; Homeostasis; Raji Cell
Cancer
<strong></strong><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Organic extracts of plant Annonaceae enhances apoptosis in animal cells and get the drives to reach a new homeostasis. The incidence rate of nasopharyngeal cancer in Indonesia is quite high. Protein 53Kd (p53) play a role in apoptosis process, being heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) play a role in homeostasis. The aim of this research is to identify the apoptotic effects of Annona muricata Linn leaf toward Raji cells by observing the p53 and hsp70 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Apoptotic assay was performed in 24 wells micro-culture plate. Raji cells were prepared as 2 × 10<sup>4 </sup>cells in 100 ml RPMI media per well. Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium was created and solvent was controlled with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent 0.25. Apoptotic test was performed by calculating trypan-blue-dye exclution. The cells were then grown in micro-culture plate with media plus extract non-lethal concentration of partition and fractionation of Annona muricata Linn leaf. The sampling was performed for 24 hours. The number of living cells was calculated in each of these well and incubation time were determined. Immunohistochemical staining was done to identify the expression of p53 and hsp70.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that Raji cells treated with partition of Annona muricata Linn leaf in ethyl acetate solvent 133.00 % resulted in higher apoptosis. Another results showed that Raji cells treated with fractionation Annona muricata Linn leaf in ethyl acetate solvent 103.20 % resulted in higher apoptosis. The expression of p53 after treatment with fractionation Annona muricata Linn leaf was higher than before while hsp70 expression after treatment with fractionation Annona muricata Linn leaf was lower. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The conclusion is the higher the dose of Annona muricata Linn the higher the p53 expression thereby activates apoptosis process The higher dose of Anonna muricata Linn also leads to lower hsp70 expression indicating stable homeostasis of Raji cells.</p><p>----------------------------------------------</p><p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong> Astirin OP, Prayitno A, Artanti AN, Fitria MS, Witianingsih DA, Pranatami DA, Putra ST. The expression of p53 and hsp70 proteins after treatment with Annona muricata Linn leaf for activating apoptotic and lead to homeostasis program of Raji cells. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; 2(2):02028. <strong>DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0202.8" target="_blank">10.14319/ijcto.0202.8</a></strong></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
Higher Education Competitive Research Project Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia
2014-03-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Astirin
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 2, No 2 (2014): April - June
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/50/571
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/50/572
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/50/579
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/50/582
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/373
2016-07-16T06:33:59Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"160109 2016 eng "
dc
A study of X-ray volume imaging system in image guided radiotherapy with variable gantry rotations
Sresty, NVN Madhusudhana; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
Alluri, Krishnam Raju; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
Thogata, Ramanjappa; Department of Physics, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh
Ahmed, Shabbir; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
Venkataramana Puriparthi, Lakshmi; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
Ketham, Ramakrishna; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
Mogulagani, Vijay Kumar; Department of Radiotherapy, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad
IGRT, Partial Rotation, XVI
<p>Purpose: The main purpose of this work is to investigate the optimal usage of X-ray volume imaging (XVI) system in image-guided radiotherapy with different gantry rotations in order to reduce scanning volume.</p><p>Methods: A total of 60 scans of 16 individual patients with breast and head and neck cancer were used in this study. Full and partial gantry rotations were performed at the same time with same setup on the couch using XVI system by changing the preset information. The reference and localization images were matched with this system. The set up errors were evaluated with XVI software.</p><p>Results: Variation in translational errors with full and half gantry rotations in breast cases were <2 mm in 86.6% of measurements. Similarly, variations between full and partial gantry rotations in head and neck cases were <1 mm in 95.5% of measurements. Results showed almost similar translational and rotational shifts in both full and partial gantry rotations in the majority of the cases.</p><p>Conclusion: Based on selected cases in this study, partial rotation of the gantry for acquiring 3D cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is very useful option in reducing scanning volume and total treatment time in IGRT. However, the use of partial rotation of the gantry depends on patient thickness and area to be reconstructed to track anatomical changes near to the target.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2016-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.41.1
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 4, No 1 (2016): January - March
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3446
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3447
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3448
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3449
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3450
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3451
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3452
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3453
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3454
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3455
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3456
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3457
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/373/3458
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/349
2016-01-03T12:17:49Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150717 2015 eng "
dc
Quality assurance of simultaneous treatment of two targets in pelvic region planned with single isocenter using three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) technique
Putha, Suman Kumar; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Srinivas, Challapalli; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Bejadi Manjunath, Vadhiraja; Department Radiation Oncology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore
Elavunkal Sukumaran, Arun Kumar; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Chinthamani, Sridhar; Department of Radiation Oncology, Father Muller Oncology Center, Mangalore
Saxena, Prakash; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Banerjee, Sourjya; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Pai Kasturi, Dinesh; Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore
Medical Physics
Quality Assurance; Two Targets; Single Isocenter; Conformal Radiotherapy
Quality Assurance
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: The purpose of this study was to conduct quality assurance of a three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) of two targets in pelvis region planned with single isocenter technique. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A treatment plan was generated with two identical water phantoms with ionization chamber (IC) sleeves (IC-1 & IC-2), simulated as if targets are in pelvis region, simultaneously irradiated with single isocenter technique with a dose prescription of 300 cGy for point dose verification. A two dimensional ion chamber array detector was used for fluence verification.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Calculated minimum, mean and maximum dose (in cGy) for IC-1 & IC-2 were 295, 303 and 307 as per dose volume histogram. The global dose maximum was found to be 307.4 cGy. Measured point doses to both lesions were within ±2.5% of the computed dose. A pass percentage of 97% was obtained with the set of criteria 3 mm distance to agreement and 3% dose difference for fluence verification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Treatment execution of two targets simultaneously with single isocenter can reduce positional errors and delivery time.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-09-25 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.33.15
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 3 (2015): July - September
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/349/3580
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/240
2015-08-15T11:54:27Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150323 2015 eng "
dc
Intensity modulated radiotherapy versus volumetric modulated arc therapy in breast cancer: A comparative dosimetric analysis
Muralidhar, KR; Department of Radiation Physics, American Oncology Institute, Hyderabad
Soubhagya, Bhudevi; Basavataram Indo-American Cancer Institute and Research center, Hyderabad
Ahmed, Shabbir; Basavataram Indo-American Cancer Institute and Research center, Hyderabad
Radiation Oncology; Medical Physic
Breast Cancer; IMRT; VMAT
VMAT Vs IMRT for breat irradiation
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has the capacity to optimize the dose distribution. We analyzed the dosimetric differences of plans in treatment planning system (TPS) between VMAT and IMRT in treating breast cancer. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Fourteen patients were simulated, planned, and treated with VMAT using single, double or partial arcs. IMRT treatments were generated using 4 to 5 tangential IMRT fields for the same patients. All treatment plans were planned for 50 Gy in 25 fractions. The VMAT and IMRT plans were compared using the planning target volume (PTV) dose and doses to the other organs at risk (OARs). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: For the PTV, comparable minimum, mean, maximum, median, and modal dose as well equivalent sphere diameter of the structure (Equis) were observed between VMAT and IMRT plans and found that these values were significantly equal in both techniques. The right lung mean and modal doses were considerably higher in VMAT plans while maximum value was considerably lower when compared with IMRT plans. The left lung mean and modal doses were higher with VMAT while maximum doses were higher in IMRT plans. The mean dose to the heart and maximum dose to the spinal cord was lower with IMRT. The mean dose to the body was higher in VMAT plans while the maximum dose was higher in IMRT plans. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Four field tangential IMRT delivered comparable PTV dose with generally less dose to normal tissues in our breast cancer treatment study. The IMRT plans typically had more favourable dose characteristics to the lung, heart, and spinal cord and body dose when compared with VMAT. The only minor advantage of VMAT for breast cases was slightly better PTV coverage.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
none
2015-01-22 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.32.10
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April - June
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/797
2018-06-24T14:49:11Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"180624 2018 eng "
dc
Effect of statistical uncertainty on Monaco Monte-Carlo dose calculation
Sharma, Seema; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Chander, Subhash; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Velliyan, Subramani; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Bhaskar, Suman; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Pathy, Sushmita; Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Kumar, Pratik; Department of Medical Physics
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Natanasabapathi, Gopishankar; Department of Neuro Surgery
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Thulkar, Sanjay; Department of Radio-diagnosis
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Medical Physics; Medical Dosimetry; Radiation Oncology
Monte-Carlo dose calculation, Statistical uncertainties, VMAT
Medical Dosimetry
<p>Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate influence of statistical uncertainty on Monte-Carlo dose calculation of Monaco 5.11 treatment planning system (TPS).</p><p>Methods: Phantom with contoured C-Shape structure set was downloaded from AAPM website provided with TG119 report. VMAT plan was created for C-Shape test case using Monaco TPS for 6 MV Elekta Versa-HD linear-accelerator. Dose prescription and constraints were as per TG119. After optimizations, C-Shape plan was calculated with different statistical-uncertainty (i) 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0% per control point and (ii) 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0% per calculation. Base plan was calculated with 0.5% per control point.</p><p>Results: Variations in PTV doses for different statistical-uncertainties with respect to 0.5% per control point were within PTV-D95: 82 cGy(1.64%); PTV-D10: 14.8 cGy(0.28%); Core-D10: 3.7 cGy(0.15%). MU required to deliver a plan (920 MU) were observed same with different statistical-uncertainty. Calculation time increases with decrease in statistical-uncertainty due to more number of histories. 2D-Gamma pass rate was ranging from 98.1% to 98.9% for analyzed statistical-uncertainties. Statistical-uncertainty 0.5% per control point showed higher Gamma pass-rate (98.9%).</p><p>Conclusion: Minor variation (<1.64%) in dose volume parameters was observed with different statistical-uncertainties, whereas Monitor unit remain same. 3.0% per control point and 0.5% per calculation resulted in almost similar results and found optimal with reasonable calculation time in terms of plan quality and delivery accuracy (gamma pass-rate).</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2018-06-24 08:42:41
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.61.11
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 6, No 1 (2018): January - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/69
2014-08-16T18:42:03Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"140504 2014 eng "
dc
Dose verification of intensity modulated radiotherapy in head and neck tumors
Elawady, Rasha A; Department of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo
Attalla, Ehab M; Department of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo
Elshemey, Wael M; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Shouman, Tarek; Department of Radiotherapy & Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo
Alsayed, Anwar A; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo
Biophysics-Medical biophysics
Quality Assurance; Intensity Modulation; Ionization Chamber; 2D-Array; GafChromic Films
quality assurance in radiotherapy
<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the agreement between measured and calculated doses for head and neck tumors using different gamma criteria and to establish quality assurance protocol for the delivery of IMRT in The National Cancer Institute in Cairo. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>The dose is calculated for 30 patients using CMS Treatment Planning System. The ionization chamber (0.6 cm<sup>3</sup> Farmer type) is used for point dose measurements. The 2D-array (PTW 729) and GafChromic films (EBT2) are used for 2D graphical dose distribution. Four different gamma criteria of dose difference (DD) and distance to agreement (DTA) (3%/3 mm, 3%/5 mm, 4%/4 mm and 5%/5 mm DD / DTA) are selected. These criteria are evaluated while suppressing the dose of 10%, 20% or 30% from dose distribution. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Point dose evaluations using the ion chamber ranged from -2.6% to 3.7% (mean and standard deviation of 0.46 ± 1.7)<strong>.</strong> Significant differences are observed between the films and 2D-array for all criteria except the 3%/5 mm criteria (96.89 ± 2.2% vs. 94.81 ± 4.2% (p < 0.01)). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Differences may exceed about 3% when the ionization chamber is present in steep dose gradient regions. The present results suggest the gamma criteria of 3%/5 mm as the most suitable criteria for IMRT quality assurance. This gamma criterion of 3%/5 mm favorably exceeds 95% in case of maximum dose while suppressing the dose of 20%.The use of 2D-array can reduce the IMRT QA workload.</p><p>------------------------------</p><p><strong>Cite this article as:</strong> Elawady RA, Attalla EM, Elshemey WM, Shouman T, Alsayed AA. Dose verification of intensity modulated radiotherapy in head and neck tumors. Int J Cancer Ther Oncol 2014; <strong>2</strong>(3):02037.<strong> DOI</strong>: <strong><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14319/ijcto.0203.7" target="_blank">10.14319/ijcto.0203.7</a></strong></p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
2014-08-16 00:00:00
application/pdf
text/html
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/Elawady
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 2, No 3 (2014): July - September
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/69/543
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/456
2016-07-16T06:35:25Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"160307 2016 eng "
dc
Impact of jaw position on sparing organs at risk in 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy of pancreatic cancer
Paudel, Nava; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Narayanasamy, Ganesh; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Han, Eun-Young; Department of Radiation Physics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Zhang, Xin; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Thapa, Bishnu; Department Radiation Oncology, Tallahassee Memorial Cancer Center, Tallahassee, Florida
Penagaricano, Jose; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Liang, Xiaoying; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Morrill, Steven; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
Radiation Dosimetry
3D Conformal Radiotherapy, Pancreatic Cancer, Collimator Jaws, OARs, HD MLCs, Varian TrueBeam Linear Accelerator, Enhanced Dynamic Wedge (EDW)
3-D conformal radiotherapy planning
<p>Purpose: The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of collimator jaw position on dose to organs at risk (OARs) during a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) of pancreatic cancer and postulate a method to minimize OAR dose by proper positioning of the jaws.</p><p>Methods: Clinically delivered 3DCRT treatment plans for 10 patients optimized with multiple static beams using multileaf collimator (MLC) leaves conformed to a block margin around target, and collimator jaws aligned with outer extent of the block margin were selected. Subsequent plans were generated by displacing the collimator jaws outward in lateral, superior-inferior or both directions by 1 and 2 cm without altering the MLC position. Computed dose to OARs and target with unaltered dose normalization were compared against the corresponding dose obtained from the original plans.</p><p>Results: Outward displacement of the collimator jaws by 1 cm in lateral and/or superior-inferior direction resulted in a significant increase in mean dose to the studied OARs. The increase was found to be proportional to the outward displacement of the jaws. The increase in maximum dose to spinal cord was significant in a few patients while it was insignificant for all other OARs.</p><p>Conclusion: Collimator jaws aligned with outer extent of a block margin minimize dose to OARs. Any gap between the block margin and the collimator jaws can lead to an inadvertent delivery of higher dose to the OARs. Hence, the use of an optimal jaw position during treatment planning becomes important to all patient plans.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2016-03-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.41.17
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 4, No 1 (2016): January - March
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/456/4113
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/364
2016-01-03T12:17:08Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150911 2015 eng "
dc
Dosimetric effect of intra-fractional and inter-fractional target motion in lung cancer radiotherapy techniques
Verma, Teerthraj; Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Painuly, Nirmal; Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Mishra, Surendra; Department of Radiotherapy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Yoganathansa, SA; Department of Radiotherapy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Jain, Gourav; Radiological Physics & Advisory Division, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai
Srivastava, Ankit; Radiological Physics & Advisory Division, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai
Singh, Navin; Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Bhatt, MLB; Department of Radiotherapy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Jamal, Naseem; Department of Radiotherapy, King George Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Pant, MC; Department of Radiotherapy, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow
Radiation Oncology;Medical Physics
Respiratory Motion; Dynamic Phantoms; Dosimetry; Intra-fraction Motion
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of present study was to experimentally evaluate the dosimetric uncertainties in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy (D-IMRT), step-shoot (SS-IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment delivery techniques due to intra- and inter-fractional target motion. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A previously treated lung patient was selected for this study and was replanned for 60 Gy in 30 fractions using four techniques (3DCRT, D-IMRT, SS-IMRT, and VMAT). These plans were delivered in a clinical linear accelerator equipped with HexaPOD™ evo RT System. The target dose of static QUASAR phantom was calculated that served as reference dose to the target. The QUASAR respiratory body phantom along with patients breathing wave form and HexaPOD™ evo RT System was used to simulate the intra-fraction and inter-fraction motions. Dose measurements were done by applying the intra-fractional and inter-fractional motions in all the four treatment delivery techniques.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The maximum percentage deviation in a single field was -4.3%, 10.4%, and -12.2% for 3DCRT, D-IMRT and SS-IMRT deliveries, respectively. Similarly, the deviation for a single fraction was -1.51%, -1.88%, -2.22%, and -3.03% for 3DCRT, D-IMRT, SS-IMRT and VMAT deliveries, respectively. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The impact of inter-fractional and intra-fractional uncertainties calculated as deviation between dynamic and static condition dose was large in some fractions, however average deviation calculated for thirty fractions was well within 0.5% in all the four techniques. Therefore, inter- and intra-fractional uncertainties could be concern in fewer fraction treatments such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, and should be used in conjunction with intra- and inter-fractional motion management techniques.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences,Lucknow,India
2015-12-30 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.34.3
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 4 (2015): October - December
en
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
oai:ojs.ijcto.org:article/223
2015-08-15T11:54:27Z
IJCTO:TECHNICAL
"150405 2015 eng "
dc
Evaluation of collapsed cone convolution superposition (CCCS) algorithms in prowess treatment planning system for calculating symmetric and asymmetric field size
Dawod, Tamer; Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura
Medical physics
Symmetric and Asymmetric Fields; Dose Calculation; Treatment Planning System
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> This work investigated the accuracy of prowess treatment planning system (TPS) in dose calculation in a homogenous phantom for symmetric and asymmetric field sizes using collapse cone convolution / superposition algorithm (CCCS). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The measurements were carried out at source-to-surface distance (SSD) set to 100 cm for 6 and 10 MV photon beams. Data for a full set of measurements for symmetric fields and asymmetric fields, including inplane and crossplane profiles at various depths and percentage depth doses (PDDs) were obtained during measurements on the linear accelerator.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that the asymmetric collimation dose lead to significant errors (up to approximately 7%) in dose calculations if changes in primary beam intensity and beam quality. It is obvious that the most difference in the isodose curves was found in buildup and the penumbra regions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results showed that the dose calculation using Prowess TPS based on CCCS algorithm is generally in excellent agreement with measurements.</p>
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology
2015-01-22 00:00:00
application/pdf
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/view/ijcto.32.11
International Journal of Cancer Therapy and Oncology; Vol 3, No 2 (2015): April - June
en
http://www.ijcto.org/index.php/IJCTO/article/download/223/2413
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).